Лексические упражнения

Грамматические упражнения

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

PRECAST CONCRETE

Текст B

A concrete structure may be constructed by casting the concrete in place on the site, by building it of elements cast in some other place or by a combination of the two. Concrete cast in other than its final place is called precast.

In contrast to cast-in-place concrete construction in which columns, beams, girders and slabs are cast and connected together by successive pours, precast concrete requires connections to tie the structure together. These connections can be a major construction problem.

Form costs are much less with precast concrete because the forms do not have to be supported. They may be set on the ground in a convenient position. In addition, a thin wall is difficult to concrete if it must be cast vertically because the concrete has to be placed in the narrow opening at the top of the form. Such a wall is easily precast on the ground.

Precast units can be standardized. Repeated use of forms and mass production techniques make the cost of construction lower. Furthermore, high quality can be maintained because of the control that can be kept on production under factory conditions. However, there is always the possibility that transportation, handling, and building up costs for the precast units will be high.

Notes:

contrast (in ~ to) в противоположность (чему-либо)

handling n. обработка, обращение (с чем-либо)

possibility n. возможность, вероятность

1. How may a concrete structure be constructed?

2. What do we call “precast concrete”?

3. What are the advantages of precast concrete?

4. Why does the use of precast concrete reduce costs?

5. How can the use of precast concrete increase costs?

Упражнение 1. Найдите в тексте прилагательные, образованные с помощью суффиксов –al, –ive. Переведите их на русский язык.

Упражнение 2. Найдите в тексте существительные, образованные с помощью суффикса - ion. От каких глаголов они образованы? Переведите их на русский язык.

Упражнение 1. а) Переведите на русский язык приведенные ниже существительные:

quality, control, transportation, mass production technique, connection, ground, girder, top, place,

прилагательные и наречия:

successive, furthermore, thin, convenient, other than,

глаголы:

standardise, cast, maintain, tie, keep.

b) Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Выпишите из словаря то значение слова, в котором оно использовано в тексте.

Упражнение 2. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

Упражнение 3. Напишите предложения с каждым из перечисленных ниже слов:

control (n.) - control (v.)

set (n.) - set (v.)

tie (n.) – tie (v.)